APUS ePress: Public Administration

Leonard Chancellor
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: September 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Elizabeth A. Keavney
Abstract: The purpose of this thesis project was to create a practical town-specific guide on the optimal ways of commencing with a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) for the town of Hopedale, Massachusetts. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) offers guidance on this and there is a heavy reliance upon its step-by-step recommendations. Broadly considered, a CERT will provide for a pragmatic utility that should be embraced by most, if not all, communities. Using the FEMA (n.d.) guidance, Hopedale is shown to be distinct as a community, facing its own subjective hazards, and with variations in readiness elements that are necessary to commence with team formulation.

Dorean J. Flores
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Robert Deller
Abstract: Informed consent is a mutual exchange of information between two parties to obtain permission prior to performing an activity. Barriers to informed consent have resulted from constraints in time, lack of resources, and deficiencies in health literacy. As a singularity, these issues impact the quality of the consent process but in combination call into question the legal effectiveness of consent that has downstream ramifications to both the public and healthcare organization. To address the problem, a multi-leveled technological approach was undertaken to implement a new consent modality. The purpose of this project is to implement an eConsent solution – a combina-tion of a video consent process with an electronic documentation platform – in the research set-ting. The project was divided into two phases. The first phase consisted of identifying the envi-ronmental selection, use-case, and establishing stakeholder engagement. The second phase in-cluded development of an electronic consent video incorporating visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning tools. The electronic documentation platform consisted of leveraging a web-based application for use in documenting consent and integrating the application with the Health Infor-mation Exchange (HIE) at Northwell Health. Findings are pending given that the project is cur-rently in the evaluation phase; however, feedback has been positive given the ease of use and ed-ucational modality implemented in a digital setting. Application of the eConsent solution is lim-ited to non-vulnerable subjects at this time. Future follow-up analysis includes assessing the ef-fectiveness of the eConsent solution at reducing the time to consent, conservation of resources, and increased comprehension.

Stephen M. Hanna
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: August 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Erik Dillman
Abstract: Public managers for local government organizations often meet through regular staff meetings to discuss and decide on how to best implement the public policies enacted by the local legislative body and ways to improve upon the delivery of public goods and services. While at times these staff meetings may involve a crisis, most staff meeting are conducted under normal circumstances where decisions are made that impact how public goods and services will be delivered. The need for innovative and creative ideas should be the purpose of such meetings, but this is often not the case. The purpose of this study was to examine certain groupthink traits that may be inhibiting the expression of innovative and creative ideas so that the executive decisions makers would have an expanded knowledge about how to improve on dialogue during staff meetings. This study examined conformity (self-censorship), cohesion, and management styles as groupthink traits and how generational groups reacted to each trait. It also examines how management styles influence the dialogue during a staff meeting, and how communication between managers outside the staff meeting impact the discussions of staff meetings. This study used public managers from the City of New Braunfels, Texas to assess whether silence during staff meetings implies a consensus in decision-making and if this silence is suppressing the expression of creative and innovative ideas.

Gilbert Glenn Harvey Jr.
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: April 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Stephen R. Schwalbe
Abstract: This research project is a proposal that fully online universities, specifically American Military University, should establish partnerships with city governments to create field placement opportunities for students of public administration. This was accomplished by reviewing the most current peer-reviewed articles on field placements for traditional universities and by disseminating a brief 10-question survey to 100 cities across the United States having a council-manager form of city government. The findings from the literature reviewed noted that universities, host organizations, and students all benefit from field placement programs, in that the host organizations gained needed staff augmentation, the universities gained additional credibility by producing higher quality graduates, and the students gained the hands-on experience needed to establish successful careers. The data gathered from the 10-question survey found that most city governments are interested in establishing field placement opportunities with online universities, had confidence in the abilities of online students, and would consider hiring online graduates after successful completion of a field placement.

Heidi E. Ksiezyk-Skrada
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: April 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Stephen Schwalbe
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine current theories of public administration, as related to civic engagement, and further define policy implementation strategies that result in a community that accepts and expects people with developmental disabilities in the traditional workplace. This study consisted of a review of 15 engagement strategies from existing peer-reviewed literature that were implemented among persons with developmental disabilities, their families, professionals, employers and co-workers, and the community at large to address concerns of public interest. The strategies were then synthesized with the change management criteria of assessment, awareness, skill-building and reinforcement to create comprehensive strategies of community engagement. As a result of this study, strategies have been recommended for Ohio county boards of developmental disabilities to embrace the constructs of the New Public Service and act as an agent of social change by implementing strategic, change management initiatives to engage stakeholder groups to accept persons with developmental disabilities in the traditional workplace.

Ashlee F. Milbourne
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: April 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Stephen R. Schwalbe
Abstract: West Virginia has had the highest opioid overdose rate in the United States for more than seven years, but this has been a problematic issue in the State since 2001. In 2015, West Virginia started to focus on the opioid epidemic. To improve the opioid epidemic in West Virginia, there must be better control and prevention techniques established.

Shelby Samaniego
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: April 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Stephen R. Schwalbe
Abstract: This study offers an assessment of the Illinois Department of Human Services’ (IDHS) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and the correlation of service delivery to recipient outcomes and self-sufficiency. The Welfare-to-Work movement underwent dramatic changes with the 1996 passage of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families by attaching a work requirement for families to receive public assistance. Initially appearing successful, shortcomings soon overshadowed the program’s achievements. Given the present deficiencies with TANF, this study considers both quantitative and qualitative analysis of data and surveys from state and federal resources to demonstrate how Illinois compares nationally and to neighboring states, suggesting that the State’s TANF program is not successful in its current format. Furthermore, a review of organizational philosophy and self-sufficiency models demonstrates the positive impact alternative models are having for low-income families and identifies the opportunity for programmatic change within the IDHS TANF program. This paper concludes with a recommendation for implementing the Family Independence Initiative (FII) model into the Illinois TANF program as the most effective means for improving TANF recipient outcomes and self-sufficiency.

Sara Toyoda
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: April 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Stephen Schwalbe
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify best management practices (BMPs) for the deployment of mobile broadband infrastructure, and then connect the BMPs to sustainability frameworks so that cities that join those frameworks are better prepared to deploy this infrastructure. The infrastructure for new generation mobile technology is unlike past mobile infrastructure. The research employs a qualitative method and utilizes case studies from cities that have successful examples of broadband infrastructure deployment to identify BMPs from agreements, staff reports, news articles, and websites. The study shows that there are various best management practices that can be grouped by city efforts, service provider, and general network. These BMPs can be connected and incorporated into sustainability frameworks. The research concludes that incorporating mobile broadband infrastructure deployment best management practices into sustainability frameworks will not only help cities to deploy the infrastructure more efficiently, but will ultimately prepare cities for future sustainability efforts.

Amanda L. Tyner
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Capstone: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: August 2018
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Erik Dillman
Abstract: As individuals move through adolescence into adulthood, they experience both mental and physical transformations. These developmental years are a time when youth experiment and initiate habit-forming behaviors. Each day an estimated 3,200 individuals who are under the age of 18 chose to smoke or vape for the first time in the United States (CDC, 2018). Many health concerns are linked to tobacco use that include cancer, cardiovascular disease, bronchitis, and emphysema. The lack of longitudinal studies on long-term use of vaping devices could be attributed to the popular farce as a safe alternative to smoking. An intervention is needed to stop the rising rates of youth vaping. The evaluation of data included with the Florida Youth Tobacco Survey and DeSoto County Community Health Assessment needed to become a priority rather than an afterthought. Through this need, the project to develop a Community Health Improvement Planning Committee was born. The Committee would review and discuss the data, reach out to local resident experts such as the Tobacco Free Partnership, and devise a work plan that would address health concerns in the community such as youth vaping rates

James B. Davison
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi S. Bartman
Abstract: Scholarly research began to take an interest in the American Fire Service over the past three decades. The fruits of this labor created a large list of issues that Fire Service leaders needed to address. However, the Paradox of Choice Theory explains that a surplus of choices actually stagnates the decision making process. Therefore, to assist chiefs with addressing the myriad of challenges facing their departments, the present study aimed to create a ranked list of the most prominent and influential challenges facing Midwest fire chiefs of combination departments. One hundred and eight chiefs from departments/districts across the 12 Midwest states responded to an online survey and reported that ‘Budget limitations’, ‘Volunteer firefighter recruitment and retention’, and ‘Training requirements’/ ‘Increasing call volume’ were their three most prominent challenges. They also indicated that ‘Budget limitations’, ‘Volunteer firefighter recruitment and retention’, and ‘Employee recruitment and retention’/ ‘Political barriers/obstacles’ were their three most influential challenges. These results indicate that large research and communication gaps still exist between the Fire Service and academic communities.

Catherine Forsythe
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi S. Bartman
Abstract: The purposes of this project are to: (1) research competency model development, the origin, reasoning, benefits, tools and methods used in conception; (2) identify approaches and application that are recommended by industry experts and scholarly articles on development techniques and successful implementation of competency models; (3) explore the varying degrees to which public agencies have and/or use competency models; (4) investigate tactics other agencies have used in design of their competency model; and (5) recommend the development and application of a competency model for the City of Gresham that spans across all Human Resource Management processes to include recruitment and selection, performance management, training, employee development and succession planning. After reviewing a variety of sources including data from the United States Office of Personnel Management, the State of Oregon, interviews and surveys of representatives from local government agencies, scholarly literature, and Human Resource industry experts, a recommendation on best practices and approach for development of a competency model are provided.

Anthony A. Hatcher
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi S. Bartman
Abstract: The purposes of this project are to: (1) explain why measuring program performance is essential; (2) discuss current United States Air Force Installation Emergency Management program policy, measurement and reporting requirements and explain why the current methodology fails to concisely measure and communicate program performance; (3) develop new standardized Installation Emergency Management program measurement and reporting slides and guide; and finally (4) seek senior United States Air Force leadership approval to implement the use of standardized Installation Emergency Management program measurement and reporting metrics and Key Performance Indicators by codifying it in Air Force Instruction 10-2501. The research design and methodology for this project is based on qualitative and quantitative data collection found in current Department of Defense and United States Air Force policy, reporting and inspection system data as well as secondary literature.

Jennifer A. Herzberg
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Scott Bartman
Abstract: The city of Fountain Colorado, like many cities across the nation, has experienced ongoing challenges with balancing roadway infrastructure and maintenance needs with sufficient funding mechanisms, and project prioritization. The Fountain Roadway Focus Group was created to discuss these challenges and to brainstorm ideas to help the city bridge these gaps and to recommend solutions. The focus group is comprised of four citizens, and with the support of several city staff members, has been able to put into action several key recommendations within four primary areas to help mitigate the city’s systemic roadway challenges. The four areas the focus group took for action during the project period were the streets department staffing, funding, roadway prioritizations, and community engagement. The Fountain streets department and the Fountain City Council wanted to enlist the unbiased input from a group of citizen volunteers to offer an objective and transparent approach to combating these challenges. On November 14, 2017, the focus group chair presented the group’s vision and progress to the Fountain city council during their regularly scheduled meeting. The council was very supportive and appreciative of the group’s efforts thus far are were encouraged that the group intended to champion the Moving Fountain Forward Transportation Sales Tax renewal initiative in 2019.

Kathleen E. Kaminski
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi S. Bartman
Abstract: Guam’s unique history and social makeup has created an environment for child protective services and foster care that is unlike any other place in the United States. The demographics of the island present an interesting challenge for the foster care system and large sibling groups are difficult (and often impossible) to place together. This study was created to survey current foster parents in the system and provide suggestions for improvements to the system. Though Guam has an unusual population, it appears that foster parents were interested in many of the same issues presented through similar studies in the United States. They made many suggestions on improvements that could be made to the system including: mandatory training, structured respite care, and more inclusion in decision making about the children in the system. This study then expanded on those suggestions with ideas from other states and programs and how they created better foster care systems.

Lisa-Marie Long
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Records Management. Done properly, it will create organization, efficiency, and relief from potential legal liability. Done poorly, it will create disorganization, multiple copies of documents, inability to locate required data, employee dissatisfaction, as well as undue exposure to risk. In order to create a plan to manage the records, both physical and electronic, for a California Public Agency, best practices were researched, records were inventoried, staff input was sought, and a retention schedule and phased schedule of completion was completed. The subject agency is also a Joint Powers Authority with multiple member agencies and ties to the California Department of Water Resources. This project resulted in a draft Records Management Policy, a retention schedule, as well as a cohesive ongoing plan to inventory, manage and maintain all electronic and physical records in the agency. Oversight was assigned to the Office Manager to ensure compliance and timely destruction of records going forward. This plan will manage the historical and current records of this agency properly into the future, as well as creating a framework for other agencies to use, all the while keeping regulations and business needs in the forefront. Coordination included senior management, all divisions of the agency, as well as the California Department of Water Resources.

Jonathan C. McWilliams
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: September 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Robert Deller
Abstract: The purpose of this thesis was to test the research question; for the residents of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, is the economic benefit of job creation and tax revenue greater than the potential health costs from air pollution associated with the Shell ethane cracker plant in Beaver County, Pennsylvania? It has yet to be proved whether the continued construction of this facility is a sound policy decision by local and state leaders. In this project the comparison of emissions and health costs were achieved by doing a comparative analysis of an ethane cracker plant and power plant. Measuring of economic growth was based on permanent job expectations, temporary construction job expectations, and tax revenue for Beaver County. Calculating job expectations was achieved by a comparative analysis of an economic study concerning three ethane cracker plants. Tax revenue was calculated using Beaver County records, projected earnings based on market averages, and Pennsylvania tax rates. The results of this thesis are important to understand the economic benefits and health costs of these plants. The conclusion showed that the economic benefits were far greater than the health costs.

Jeffrey C. Meeks
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi S. Bartman
Abstract: The shortage of qualified special education teachers has long been established (Holdheide & Demonte, 2016). This shortage is further compounded by the small pool of potential candidates and concomitant factors influencing teacher recruitment in rural areas (Gagnon & Mattingly, 2014). The resulting effect of this climate is the need for many rural school districts to fill special education vacancies through contracted service providers. While contracting for special education services has become a widely-accepted practice, the process a district follows for making decisions about which services to hire as in-district positions and which positions are best filled through a contract relationship with a vendor is not well established. This project seeks to address the various factors districts must consider when contracting for services, prioritize these factors through the creation of a decision tree, and establish an objective process for determining when special education services are best addressed through an outside source. A survey concerning present use of contract special education personnel and associated impressions was created and distributed electronically to 12 special education directors serving school districts in northeastern Arizona. Survey data was analyzed and descriptive statistics calculated to provide insight into the contractual relationships between school districts and special education contract companies. The author applied the survey data to establish a simple protocol consisting of yes-or-no questions to assist the target school district in determining whether it is best to contract for services or advertise for an internal hire. The resulting decision tree serves as a tool which will allow district administrators to objectively approach the decision-making process while focusing on the most salient factors involved with such an important decision.

Douglas P. Skinner
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi S. Bartman
Abstract: This paper on bariatric medical transport reports on a study, showing need for a bariatric transport program for Loudoun County, Virginia and then providing a best practice approach in designing and structuring a countywide bariatric transport plan, equipment cache, dispatch process, and training plan for Emergency Medical Services or EMS personnel. A preliminary search of population demographics showed that 30 percent of the United States population is obese, thus demonstrates a need for bariatric transport capabilities. A secondary search on bariatric best practice organizations and a continuous countywide committee process evaluated the current system and designed a process to initiate a new bariatric transport program. The best practice research and committee approach allowed for a collection of data from organizations that had successfully run bariatric transport systems throughout the world. This data was correlated within the committee with current Loudoun County Fire Rescue System operations, and then specific aspects of the best practices were adopted into the current system. Using the comparison and correlation process of the current services the committee provided a new bariatric transport program for Loudoun County by producing a policy, training and equipment manual, and presenting the program for approval by the EMS Operations Committee.

Jennifer M. Sparkman
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Elizabeth Keavney
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that policy making decisions based on a holistic model of care such as HOPES programming will result in more effective standards than telehealth services in reducing mental health issues in the elderly in both rural and urban areas. The paper outlines the method in which this hypothesis was investigated, including an analysis of aging statistics, legislative behaviors that include budgetary trends after the passage of the Affordable Care Act, and industry standards on care models both in the United States and abroad that provide the most effective methods of reducing mental health issues in the elderly. A review of both HOPES programs and telehealth delivery systems was given, including the impact of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement systems, and an analysis of the impact of reduced budgets in comparison to an increase in consumption among this population. This paper concludes with a discussion regarding the implications of HOPES policy implementation as the most effective and ethical means of policy decision making regarding mental health service delivery models for the elderly because of both the subsequent cost savings found through ongoing, preventative services within the HOPES model, and through the ethical standards of care within collaborative care models found to improve the quality of life for elderly patients.

Zachary J. Thelen-Liebl
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Willmar Community Theatre, Inc. (DBA, The Barn Theatre), is a non-profit based
in Willmar, Minnesota. It was establish in 1964 as a community theatre. Since then, it has grown to become the largest arts organization in that region of the state. The theatre has never had a completed procedure manual for the organization since its inception. The Barn Theatre has had policies and some procedures written out and approved by the Board of Directors. However, it has been very minimal and not as extensive as is recommended by non-profit managers and business experts. This procedure manual was created for the theatre in order to give the “how-to” for many of the procedures and tasks that happens at the theatre. The procedures in this manual were written by conducting research, re-writing past procedures, conducting interviews with staff, and by using other non-profit organizations procedures as basis for some of the tasks. This manual is designed to be a ‘living document’ and subject to updating frequently in order to be current and applicable to The Barn Theatre.

Christopher M. Vanghele
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Elizabeth Keavney
Abstract: Law enforcement can be very stressful. Police organizations are typically operated as para-military, bureaucratic entities that employ autocratic leadership in a top-down, hierarchal scheme which can lead to lower job satisfaction. Servant Leadership, developed by Robert K. Greenleaf, is a very spiritual and ethical leadership style that puts employees first. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the levels of servant leadership within Connecticut law enforcement agencies and whether servant leadership affects job satisfaction. 192 police officers from 17 different police agencies completed Laub’s Organizational Leadership Assessment instrument. A two-factor ANOVA was completed and indicated that agencies identified as servant leadership organizations had correspondingly higher rates of job satisfaction and that the rank an employee holds within a police department has no effect on their job satisfaction nor does it moderate the relationship between perceived servant leadership and job satisfaction. The study indicates that servant leadership may be an excellent leadership alternative than the traditionally autocratic style and that employees of all ranks within a police department may equally share in its benefits.

Rodney J. Boyce
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Elizabeth Keavney
Abstract: This thesis measures the correlation between the policy and service integration of assessing health, mobilizing community partnership, developing health policy and program evaluation, and health outcomes as measured by the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps for rural local public health agencies. West Virginia provides the primary data, and Iowa and Missouri are tested as controls. Simple scoring methods are utilized to quantitatively describe integration of the four Essential Public Health Services and health outcomes. Basic Pearson correlations is used to measure the relationship between variables. Contrary to expectation for public health discipline best practice, the study demonstrates negative correlation values. This outcome requires both policy recommendations outside the standard public health paradigm and further research to understand effective and efficient public health service delivery options for rural localities.

Kristine M. Clark
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: The Secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is looking for suggestions on options to realign the services that provide support VA-wide. The goals of the proposed alignment should focus on increasing efficiencies and reducing costs. The project examines the organizational structure and design options and compares each for strengths and weaknesses against the requirements of the VA Acquisition and Logistics. It is also essential that the structure and design align with the new culture of the organization to avoid a conflict that will decrease the likelihood of successful implementation of the realignment. After a thorough evaluation of each structure and design option, it became clear that a functional alignment within a professional bureaucracy was the best fit to reach the needs of the VA, and the goals of the Secretary. The project finishes with fine-tuning additional parts of the organization, including span of control, depth of the hierarchy, decision authorities and degree of centralization. The final product is a new alignment and organizational chart that will increase efficiencies while empowering employees.

Carmen S. Conglose
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Deborah Laufersweiler-Dwyer
Abstract: When local governments form consortiums to jointly provide services within a specified region, prior research suggests that overall service costs can decrease as quality increases. Several studies have also found that regionalizing local wastewater services in such a manner is one area in which the economic benefits are especially rewarding. Despite these obvious advantages, however, prior research fails to identify reasons why regionalization is not more widely utilized among local public agencies. The current research attempts to fill this knowledge gap by investigating how Youngstown, Ohio and other similar local communities may eclipse some of the common non-economic barriers that inhibit the regionalization choice. By studying four cases across the nation in which regionalizing wastewater services has met with mixed results, data will be analyzed and measured via a regionalization evaluative continuum in order to produce a Regional Suitability Index that may be applied to Youngstown’s nagging problem of finding ways to provide affordable and sustainable wastewater services in the face of declining resources. Faced with formidable institutional and social challenges, the findings suggest that Youngstown is currently less than an ideal candidate for regionalization.

Keri N. Gardner
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Kandis Wyatt
Abstract: Public participation is a critical element for America’s foundation of democratic strength. To see growth in the number of citizens who are more engaged in the political process, steps will need to be taken to restore confidence in the United States government and its leaders and make the democratic process more accessible to citizens. As it now appears, the looming edifice of Ameri-can government is an intimidating and unwelcoming labyrinth. Through communication with citizens directly, the government and public administrators can understand the priorities and values that will increase public participation and create productive solutions. The components to this process are: 1) a more trusting relationship between government and the public, 2) making government processes more transparent, 3) providing education where needed or desired and 4) empowering citizens to become engaged. This research study used a survey aimed at citizens from diverse backgrounds that determined current satisfaction with the government and agencies, how deeply the respondents have participated in the democratic process, and explored what would motivate them to become more involved. The study also gathered information from an interview with a current member of the United States House of Representatives to observe public participation from a legislative perspective. Exploring the issue from the varying viewpoints allowed the researcher to determine commonalities and avenues that may lead to more successful collaboration.

Austin B. Haynes
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Creative Project: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: August 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Research on economic development incentives has focused on whether or not they are necessary or actually provide value. Most research has utilized post project evaluation to determine if the project and the use of incentives were successful. This project takes a different approach in focusing on trying to both quantify and qualify the potential value of such incentives during the decision making process. This will be done by utilizing existing research and applying post evaluation results to develop proper questions that should be asked before economic development incentives are awarded. This project will allow elected officials and community leaders to make better informed decisions and to apply a critical approach to the awarding of incentives. The SWOT analysis, sample business model canvas, and decision making tree should be easily adaptable to fit most economic development decisions as to the potential value of giving incentives. This paper is designed to act as background for a visual presentation on the same matter.

Keith J. Jabbusch
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: August 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Stephen Schwalbe
Abstract: This thesis examines the need for an alternate source of fresh water on Oahu, and the need to reduce the current demand on the Island’s aquifer. The Navy’s investment into next generation reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has proven to reduce annual operating cost by 70 percent, with improved operational time, reduced part failures, and maintenance time, while producing 50 percent more clean water. Joint Base Pearl Harbor- Hickam has the ability to reduce its current requirement from 18 million gallons a day to 3 million gallons per day, by implementing current technologies in desalination from shipboard RO’s and in the use of using high efficient conservation methods. Along with desalination, JBPHH’s ability to retain and re-use run-off water from impermeable surfaces can reduce JBPHH’s daily aquifer withdraw by 85 percent in helping the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Commission on Water Resource Management’s sustainable yield goal of 165 million gallons per day (mgd).

Joseph M. Neiberger
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Emergency management agencies have not, historically, adopted bi-directional communication models to support how information is shared with the citizens. The goal of this project is to develop a recommended communication plan, for the City of Manassas Park, which includes the use of social media platforms to support the emergency management principles. Action based research is being used to develop the recommended communication policy. Four research questions have been identified to structure the research around: 1) What are the communication priorities of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Incident Command Structure (ICS)? 2) What are the social media trends in emergency communications? 3) What communication needs should be addressed with the revised communication plan? And 4) What social media platforms can be used to support those identified communication needs? The adoption of bi-directional communication tools is essential to modern emergency management practices. The structure of the traditional NIMS system does allow for the adoption of such tools, however, the development of a dynamic team able to manage bi-directional information must be addressed if the employing of such resources is to be successful.

Alistair M. Winter
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: As a result of the terrible events at Columbine, Virginia Tech and the increasing number of school based shootings in the U.S., there is substantial research to prevent school based shootings. Findings indicate that on many occasions, pre-incident behaviors, known as leakage, are observed which may allow institutions to prevent and intervene. In short, other people may know something is going to happen and identifying ways to intervene is vitally important if our schools are to be safe. This project uses the research around these findings to identify best practice and procedures for Rancho Santiago Community College District (RSCCD) to put in place Threat Assessment Management Teams (TAMT). The project set out by examining the two main organizations, NaBITA and SIGMA, which have developed TAMT after the Virginia Tech shootings. The research from both organizations is substantial and set out the processes and procedures which schools should put in place. It was decided to adopt the model set out by NaBITA, for its ease of use and comprehensive inclusion of assessment of mental state of mind and risk, along with aggression levels. It is hoped that the adoption and implementation of this model will make RSCCD a safer place to study and work.

Tammi L. Zufall
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2016
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Deborah Laufersweiler-Dwyer
Abstract: This research examines the different emergency notification systems at use in an international airport. For this research project the airport examined is the Seattle-Tacoma International airport in Seattle, Washington. The current systems used are examined for their intent and actual usage, to determine if they are effective or can be improved upon. The question asked is just that, can the current emergency notification systems in place be improved upon or is there a need for a change to a different system. The number of varied populations who access an international airport at any time require a unique set of systems to be effective in an emergency. The needs in this atmosphere will be evidenced by the case study included in this research, involving a shooting at Los Angeles International Airport in 2013. Research will be conducted using published materials as well as interviews with those that use the current emergency notification systems a Sea-Tac. This information will be evaluated and then compared with the established needs for an international airport in any number of emergency situations, with the added concern for privacy laws and security issues that might pertain to those involved.

Lisa Armstrong
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Natalie Fussell
Abstract: Utah’s juvenile court initiated an electronic record maintenance conversion as a means of meeting the needs and expectations of a rapidly changing, electronically savvy clientele. The court encountered several challenges and problems requiring special attention and redesign of an antiquated system. This research analyzed the changes necessary for the cultural re-envisioning necessary to develop a successful, electronic record maintenance system. This qualitative research considered a case study conducted on Utah’s court system, in conjunction with the initial clerical reorganization proposal as a comparison to the results of the court’s change process. The research identified certain key components essential to court modernization and demonstrated that the effective, detail oriented preliminary efforts were essential to a successful, systemic cultural change, which encapsulated the elements of an electronic transition method. The research concluded that successful electronic management of judicial systems was possible, when supported by preliminary cultural adjustment conducive to positive change.

Dennis M. Baker, Jr.
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: August 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: The world in which the United States military, and specifically the United States Air Force, operates is vastly different from the world of airpower pioneers the likes of Eddie Rickenbacher, Jimmy Dolittle, and Curtis LeMay. Communication mediums and technological advancements, societal shifts, and budgetary concerns have altered the way wars are fought, and the worldview of those of who do the nation’s bidding. The research questions whether the Air Force’s leadership is prepare to lead in this new era of warfare. The study takes a qualitative approach to exploring the effectiveness of leadership within the United States Air Force and the potential impact of such leadership on the operational readiness of the service. The research design centers on the responses obtained from a web-based survey disseminated to a limited subject population in an effort to determine if the hypothesis is correct. The piece draws upon the work of accepted theorists within the field of public administration and makes recommendations moving forward.

Donald R. Bal, Jr.
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: August 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: The research paper examines the misuse of the Government Travel Charge Card (GTCC) Program in the military and the lack of leadership involvement in the GTCC process. One area of concern is that military leaders are not taking proactive steps to mitigate the problem. Research of multiple Inspector General Reports from various government agencies were used to determine if leadership involvement was evident. Leadership culpability was analyzed under the context of both leadership and ethical theories. More specifically, the research focused on transformational and transactional leadership theories in addition to utilitarian and deontological theories, which drew a more comprehensive picture of why leaders are not involved in the process and how they could employ these theories to become more proactive leaders in managing the process. The results indicated that proactive leadership would aid in mitigating the issue and that the combination of both leadership theories will enhance the leader’s ability to combat GTCC misuse in addition to fostering good ethical conduct within their organizations.

Darren T. Blagburn
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: This case study established and measured a variety of Federal and State criteria to determine the likelihood of the State of Idaho’s proposed land exchange occurring within the Morley Nelson Snake River Birds of Prey Conservation Area. Seven criteria found in the Bureau of Land Management’s (BLM) Land Exchange Handbook served as the data collection framework while the supporting units of analysis came from government reports, policy, and scholarly articles. Using a mixed methodology, the researcher conducted in-person interviews with federal and state employees and collected data from multiple agencies’ official documents. The result of the study was to determine if the proposed exchange achieved the two federal statutory requirements. It then compared the proposed exchange’s results against those found in an existing feasibility study to validate the units of analysis. Lastly, the study compared the results against State’s specified objectives to conclude if the exchange achieved those objectives. The State of Idaho’s proposed land exchange will fulfill both statutory requirements. Additionally, the State’s objectives will remain intact. Overall, the results of the research support conducting the State’s proposed exchange because it meets the intent of the law by accomplishing the federal statutory requirements, and it attains the state objectives.

Eric Bowers
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Timothy Bagwell
Abstract: This study seeks to expand on existing research regarding local government’s role in community building which has largely focused on larger metropolitan areas. This study examines the perceptions of local government leaders in how they view their role within the community as civic leaders both collectively and individually. The overall purpose of this study is to examine the changes and adaptations in local government. Survey responses from members of the Gallatin County and Bozeman City Commissions are analyzed. Additionally, a brief analysis of online information resources is also conducted to determine the posturing of local government in whether policy or the policy making process is emphasized. Analysis of online resources and survey responses indicates that both organizational and individual role adaptation among city and county government officials is dynamic, and that these adaptations are a reflection of proactive community engagement as well as policy development. Both the county and city commissions exhibit high levels of policy process orientation.

Claire E. Bowyer
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: August 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Terrorist groups are increasingly turning to social media to recruit, raise funds, and spread propaganda in support of their cause. One group, the Islamic State, has used social media, especially Twitter, as a vehicle to recruit thousands of foreign fighters and their future brides, disseminate their violent ideology, and incite and inspire others to commit terrorist attacks in their name. The results of this study indicate that there are many initiatives and strategies the government could undertake to reduce the online reach and power of terrorist groups like ISIS. These initiatives should include more collaboration with and cooperation from the social media companies themselves. The research also found that should there be little cooperation, there are remedies through existing law and potential amendments to existing law that could force social media companies to better monitor their platforms for extremist content and take down violent material in order to help the government and intelligence agencies better protect the nation’s security.

Matthew Henry Burns
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Multiple influences can be utilized to shape the public policy process such as special interest groups, public opinion and industry. Looking at the issue through the lens of the Public Choice Theory, this thesis examines how divisive rhetoric is employed by these influences to shape the public policy process in West Virginia. In highlighting the political positions of individual political candidates as well as political party agendas in promoting divisive War on Coal political rhetoric during the West Virginia mid-term elections of 2014, three distinct public policies impacted by this divisive rhetoric are examined. The examination of these three public policies, one from each level of government (local, state and federal), was used to determine whether divisive rhetoric can exact change on public policies. Through the use of public statements made by public officials and other politicians, it was determined divisive rhetoric does, in fact, influence the public policy process. However, marked differences were identified between policies at each governmental level, particularly in regards to the sphere of influence divisive rhetoric had on the design and implementation of public policies.

David W. Fogerson
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Emergency management and public health preparedness are allied but separate career fields responsible to plan, prepare, respond and recover local and statewide communities from disaster. The problem is the federal government provides guidance for these two programs from three different agencies: CDC, ASPR and DHS. This creates a conflict with each field trying to maintain jurisdictional clarity while avoiding mission creep. This research looks at the ability of meta-leadership concepts: leading up, down and across to solve the problem.Three case studies were reviewed: 2009/2010 H1N1 outbreak, 2012 flu clinic and 2014 Ebola planning. These case studies showed a meta-leadership effort that involved more organizations in the planning, placing emergency management and public health preparedness on equal footing. Future efforts to encourage the meta-leadership effort must occur. These efforts include co-locating annual conferences, providing education and changing future position requirements. Additional research is needed to show the value of meta-leadership in solving Nevada’s problems

Robyn L. Froehlich
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing operations, also known as fracking, have become a widely debated topic that has slowly arisen over the past decade. Fracking has provided a new method for the gas industry to extract domestic natural gas that was previously economically unattainable, therefore creating perceived benefits for the United States to bridge the energy gap while renewable sources are being further developed. It has also been assumed that it will boost waning local and state economies through gas extraction revenue. However, there are increasing concerns about the environmental safety of fracking, particularly the potential for water contamination and air pollution. The state-delegated policies that are charged with protecting the health and welfare of citizens are lacking the capability and consistency to meet that responsibility. This thesis analyzes the existing components of the Oil and Gas Act that regulate fracking in the state of Pennsylvania, and recommends policy changes that are be feasible to implement while still balancing the demands of the economy, environment, and energy production.

Megan T. Hinkle
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: November 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Natalie Fussell
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine if the legislation, screening methods, and available treatments are adequate enough to be able identify and heal PTSD in the 9-1-1 dispatcher. This study reviewed the pertinent literature as well as information from the websites of the counties and major cities within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This study found a considerable lack of data and information regarding dispatch-specific legislation as well as information regarding how dispatch centers identify and treat PTSD. The results of the study indicate that PTSD in dispatchers should be treated through a multi-faceted approach and there is applicable legislation that needs to be developed.

Carryn L. Mac Leod
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Arts (MA)
Awarded: November 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Daneene Barton
Abstract: The study of public administration and organizational management practices include leadership theories and the impact these leaders have on the success of the organization and public policies. The problem with workplace bullying includes the costs of bullying actions to the organization, and the detrimental effects to the individual which increase costs to society, and the public (Namie, 2014). The purpose of this study is to discuss and explore the phenomenon of workplace bullying. The research collected in this study is both qualitative and quantitative and includes independent variables to identify the leadership styles of bullies. Case studies and surveys were collected, patterned, and analyzed. Data was evaluated to provide cumulative findings to further the knowledge of workplace bullying. Hiring practices, tolerance, and the organizational culture were identified as intervening variables and predictors to this phenomenon. Recent California mandates were explored and discussed. The findings of this study support promoting intervening variables which include a change in the culture and public policies to eliminate bullying. The practical implication to public organizations today is to bring awareness to current movement and practices of public administration. The intent of this paper is to advance the significance of this topic, challenge new public leaders to identify workplace bullying, eliminate its costs to society, and make positive changes within the public arena as visionary leaders.

Jason M. Moore
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: February 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Bartman
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of how lobbyists influence gun laws and explore American attitudes towards lobbyists. This topic is important due to the recent spike in gun related massacres that are more prevalent in our society. This thesis will be part research and also utilize qualitative methodology to provide the reader with an understanding of the topic based on previous literature and new data through the use of a survey to obtain individuals’ thoughts and perceptions. The research found that lobbyists’ organizations utilize vast amounts of resources in order to convey their message to legislators and influence the voting outcomes of virtually all laws concerning gun rights. To state that lobbyists’ influences are negative cannot be supported by the research. The research has found that whether or not an individual agrees with the influences from lobbyists in terms of gun legislation largely depends on their own political views and attitudes toward gun control. Regardless of this finding, pro-gun lobbyists have an unhealthy influence over legislators and the political institution concerning gun laws.

Ellen M. Wadsworth
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2015
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Natalie Fussell
Abstract: The basic education funding system in Pennsylvania is seriously flawed. The current method used to calculate the subsidy to school districts is antiquated and has created an environment of inequality. Median income, property tax, housing values, and subsidy data from various state and national sources has been collected and analyzed to show that the education funding subsidy has caused the property taxes in the southeastern region of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to increase disproportionately compared with other regions of the Commonwealth. This unbalanced increase in property taxes, as a result of the lack of fair funding from the Commonwealth, was necessary to fund those school districts at successful levels. The education subsidy granted to other portions of the Commonwealth was at a much higher level, which allowed the property taxes in those areas to reflect more modest increases over time. Several alternatives including school district mergers, performance funding, and changing the tax structure were also examined. While a direct cause and effect relationship was not established from the data obtained, the general trends observed show a positive correlation between the inequitable education subsidy and the increase in property taxes in the southeastern portion of the Commonwealth.

Christopher Bruce Ehle
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2014
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Scott Bartman
Abstract: This study compares and contrasts ethics cases in the House of Representatives in two different time periods: 1798-1966 and 1967-2004. The purpose of this is to establish whether or not the formation of a permanent Ethics Committee in the House in 1967 and the following Congressional reform movement are acting as mediating variables causing a sharp increase in conduct cases being brought before the House since 1967. To do this, the exact number and types of ethics cases in the House will be taken from a historical summary prepared by the House, which lists all ethics cases officially recorded for the time periods listed. Findings suggest that there is indeed a strong correlation between the formation of the Ethics Committee and the Congressional reform movement, and a dramatic increase in ethics cases brought before the House. Additionally, there is evidence that media exposure and the purely political aspects of the ethics process are further contributing to an increase in ethics cases in the House after 1967.

David W. Johnson
Program: Public Administration: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Public Administration (MPA)
Awarded: May 2014
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Christi Scott Bartman
Abstract: The premise of this study contends that the design of Agency Strategic Plans and Agency Performance Plans are inadequate and fail to provide the guidance and structure required to affect leader decision-making. Additionally, Strategic Plans and Agency Performance Plans fail to provide adequate scope, detail, guidance, and tools needed to integrate with an agency’s budget- and program-management systems. This study closely examines the content and structure of selected Agency Strategic Plans and Agency Performance Plans to determine if the structure, design, and content of these plans is conducive to supporting leader-based decision-making and providing for integration with a comprehensive budget- and performance-management system. The study closes with an examination into the relationship and effect the agency’s policy focus and its independence may have on the content and structure of these plans.