Henry Halleck: The Union’s Underrated MultitaskerPamela Y. DiVanna
Program: Military History: Capstone-Thesis: Master of Arts (MA)
Awarded: August 2017
Capstone Instructor: Dr. Charles Grear
Abstract:During the Civil War, General Henry W. Halleck served as the commander of the army in the West, General in Chief of all Union armies, and Chief of Staff to President Lincoln; yet his name and contributions to the war are virtually unknown outside of academia. After graduating near the top of his West Point class in 1839, Halleck enjoyed fame as an author and lecturer with expertise in military history and the international laws of war, earning him the moniker ‘Old Brains’. During the Mexican American War, Halleck travelled with a small contingent of marines to California, and briefly fought in a series of skirmishes in Mazatlán. He later served as the military Secretary of State in California, helping to draft the state’s constitution. In 1854, he resigned from the army and eventually established the most successful law firm in San Francisco at the time. When the war began, Halleck answered the call of his country, leaving his life as a prosperous attorney and executive, and reported to Washington. This paper argues that interventions by the General strengthened the Union’s war effort at each of his command posts. For the duration of the Civil War, General Halleck advised, provided strategy, clarified policies, and managed the massive logistical needs of the army. Era newspapers, correspondence, telegrams, and contemporary literature provide the evidence to validate this argument, and demonstrate the General’s ability to translate his vast knowledge into military activity. General Halleck deserves greater recognition for his patriotic services and influence over the war than history has allocated.